Relationships in Cathedral and the Story of an Hour

Relationships in Cathedral and The Story of an Hour Relationships are easy to make, but not necessarily easy to maintain. There are many events in a person’s individual life that has an impact on the way they treat or interact with another person. In Kate Chopin’s â€Å"The Story of an Hour† and Raymond Carver’s â€Å"Cathedral† there are significant similarities and differences between the three couples. Given the time period that these stories were written there are many more similarities than differences. One of the most prominent similarities between the couples in â€Å"Cathedral† and â€Å"The Story of an Hour† is the emotional distance between the spouses. What creates this emotional distance is the lack of communication; it is the†¦show more content†¦Brently is away for the majority of the story, which shows the physical distance. Although the story only takes place over the period of an hour, Brently may have a job that requires him to be away a lot. When he comes home, they author describes him as â€Å"travel-stained† which would not be the ideal way to describe someone if they were only supposed to be away for the day. â€Å"Travel-stained† For the wife and her ex-husband the physical distance is even greater. Her ex-husband was a military man, and they were forced to move all over. The narrator says she sent tapes to the blind man â€Å"from Moody AFB, McGuire, McConnell, and finally Travis, near Sacramento† (Carver, 2), and if any couple is going to be moving around like that and one of them is not comfortable with the circumstance, it surely will not end well. The added stress of whether her husband would make it home from work would not have helped either. Again, more subtle than the rest, the narrator and his wife have a physical distance between them at times as well. The husband states that â€Å"Every night I smoked dope and stayed up as long as I could before I fell asleep† and then goes on to say that his wife and him barely ever go to bed at the same time at night (Carver, 8). Although this is not the greatest distance possible, it is significant none the less. Most couples who have similar work schedules will go to bed around theShow MoreRelatedEffects of Thirdperson and First Person1197 Words   |  5 Pagesof Third Person and First Person Can the point of view in which a story is told really change its plot? When reading a story in the first person compared to the third person, one will have two different outlooks on the story. A story being told in the first person can be unreliable at points. It allows you to get inside the protagonists head and know what they are thinking, but you are only limited to their thoughts. While a story told in the third person gives you a little more freedom, you wontRead MoreThe Design and Architecture of Sacred Sites2257 Words   |  9 Pagesdesign and architecture of sacred sites, is considered to be a highly important aspect in the correct functioning of rituals that take place within, namely two main world religions: Christianity/Catholicism and Judaism. â€Å"Christianity has a close relationship with Judaism, both historically and theologically. Jesus, the twelve disciples, the author of most of the New Testament and the members of the earliest Christian churches were all Jews. Jesus family also followed Jewish customs and Jesus frequentlyRead MoreIrony in the Story of an Hour and Araby2929 Words   |  12 PagesIrony is a useful device for giving stories many unexpected twists and turns. In Kate Chopins The Story of an Hour, irony is used as an effective literary device. Situational irony is used to show the reader that what is expected to happen sometimes doesnt. Dramatic irony is used to clue the reader in on something that is happening that the characters in the story do not know about. Irony is used throughout Chopins The Story of an Hour through the use of situational irony and the use of dramaticRead MoreThe Great Gatsby By F. Scott Fitzgerald898 Words   |  4 Pagesby the events that took place in his marriage with Zeld a Fitzgerald; from the beginning of his marriage, through the hardships the couple faced, and towards the end of their short lives, his writings illustrate the journey through their unique relationship. Fitzgerald’s professional writing career did not officially begin until Zelda became a part of his life. While in the army, Fitzgerald spent most of his time writing his first novel, The Romantic Egoist, which was a representation of â€Å"postwarRead MoreF. Scott Fitzgerald s Life856 Words   |  4 Pageswere greatly influenced by the events that took place in his marriage; from the beginning of his marriage, through the hardships the couple faced, and towards the end of their short lives, his writings illustrate the journey through their unique relationship. Fitzgerald’s professional writing career did not officially begin until Zelda became a part of his life. While in the army, Fitzgerald spent most of his time writing his first novel, The Romantic Egoist, which was a representation of â€Å"postwarRead MoreEssay On Roald Dahl1670 Words   |  7 Pageswritten many fantastic children’s books such as Charlie and the Chocolate Factory, James and the Giant Peach, and Matilda. I believe that Roald Dahl is one of the best children’s book authors because he has lots of creativity and inspiration for his stories. Roald Dahl was born on September 13, 1916, in Llandaff, South Wales. His parents were Norwegian. His father had immigrated from Norway to England. He took a trip back to Norway in hopes of finding a new wife to help him raise his son and daughterRead MoreLa Siest A Known Component Of The Spanish Culture1750 Words   |  7 Pagesbalance between work and pleasure, for long Spaniards have practiced the traditional siesta. Professionals along with students often return to their respective homes around noon for a couple of hours to rest and enjoy family time coupled with a heavy lunch. Most businesses will always shut down for a few hours during this time. Conversely, the 21st century Spanish generation has slowly evaded this cultural practice. Much as the big cities are constantly busy moving at faster paces similar to most WesternRead MoreA Disappeared World By Chris Lowney1545 Words   |  7 Pageshave gone wrong and some ideas on how to make their interactions right. This book is not a conventionally styled history of the kings, battles and dynasties of Spain from 711 to 1492, but a work that makes medieval Spain’s thrilling and horrific stories about the adaptation and collision who the three great monotheistic faiths that Chris Lovey begin this book in 711 C.E. when about 10,000 Muslim invaders from North Africa came up with a plot to conquer the Iberian Peninsula, which had a populationRead More Raymond Carvers Cathedral Essay6977 Words   |  28 PagesIn quot;The Compartment,quot; one of Raymond Carvers bleakest stories, a man passes through the French countryside in a train, en route to a rendevous with a son he has not seen for many years. quot;Now and then,quot; the narrator says of the man, quot;Meyers saw a farmhouse and its outbuildings, everything surrounded by a wall. He thought this might be a good way to live-in an old house surrounded by a wallquot; (Cathedral 48). Due to a last minute change of heart, however, Meyers choosesRead MoreThe Trial By Franz Kafka1975 Words   |  8 Pagesthe court. Luckily, Kafka offers a trail of breadcrumbs that enables his readers to begin answering some of the questions presented in this book. This essay illuminates these â€Å"breadcrumb† moments scattered throughout the novel to reveal the true relationship between the court and its subjects. Furthermore, this essay asserts that the court was in fact correct in its conviction of Josef K. as evidenced in the last chapter of this novel. In this novel, Kafka writes about a court system unlike anything

Essay about Burial Rituals of Native American Culture

Burial Rituals of Native American Culture At some point in our lives, we all come to realize that death is a part of life. Cultural diversity provides a wide variety of lifestyles and traditions for each of the unique groups of people in our world. Within these different cultures, the rituals associated with death and burial can also be uniquely diverse. Many consider ritualistic traditions that differ from their own to be somewhat strange and often perceive them as unnatural. A prime example would be the burial rituals of the Native American people. Leslie Marmon Silko’s story entitled The Man to Send Rain Clouds describes a funeral service carried out by a Native American Pueblo family. Though many perceive the funeral†¦show more content†¦The feather tied to his hair is a prayer feather and the painting of the face is to ensure that he will be recognized in the next world by his ancestors who have crossed over before him. The colors are representative of the earth, sky, sun and water. The sprinkling of corn meal and water are said to provide the dead with nourishment on their journey to the next world. The pollen is representative of the earth’s renewal from the rainclouds that will be sent back by the spirit of the deceased. Silko frequently refers to a â€Å"red blanket† that the old man is wrapped in for burial (149). The Native American people often leave a cord hanging from the blanket which wraps the body of the deceased and is thought to provide a way for the spirit to be released into the afterlife. All Native American cultures have strong beliefs in life after death, although the means of reaching the next life may vary from tribe to tribe. They traditionally believe that death is a part of a natural cycle in which their spirits are transported back and forth between this world and the spirit world so that they can bring renewal and new life when they return. Most consider this transition to be an honor or privilege since it will ensure the survival of their people. In Native American culture, it is believed that neglect of tribal rituals can result in death and sickness, because the spirit returns without blessings, having been unable to enter the other world. AccordingShow MoreRelatedThe Man to Send Rain Clouds800 Words   |  4 Pagesindigenous cultures in America. During the period, diverse Indians moved from the reservations and they settled and eventually adopted the American culture. This text focuses on various aspects portrayed in the short story setting, the major theme expressed and the culture of the Laguna American Natives is symbolic. 　　　　The major theme expressed by Leslie Marmon Silko’s The Man to Send Rain Clouds is that of culture maintenance in the society. The Laguna Native Americans highly embrace their culture andRead MoreFlourishing North American Cultures1455 Words   |  6 Pagesin the New World, the last era of the pre-Columbian development began. North American cultures such as the Mississippian culture, the Hopewell Tradition, and the Hohokam culture experienced growth and environmental adaptation throughout this era. Major contributions and innovations of Native Americans have developed and been passed on through generations of ancestors. Originating in 700 A.D., the Mississippian culture expanded through the Mississippi Valley and out into the southeastern statesRead MoreGrief Programs: Native Americans and Death1722 Words   |  7 PagesGrief Programs: Native Americans and Death Lisa Shewmaker University of the Rockies Abstract This paper will look at existing organizations and programs that provide parent home visits for infant and child loss in culturally diverse populated areas in the United States. These programs generally do not encompass grief recovery for the Native American community. As social workers and providers of these services, it is important to understand this cultural group, know their rituals and beliefs surroundingRead MoreDeath And Burial Of The United States923 Words   |  4 Pagesdeath and burial as little as possible and is something people always put in the back of their mind. They do not think about it or discuss it until the proper moment has come. Someone dies, and we bury them. We do not go to great lengths to almost drag-out the experience of death, as other cultures do. There is an American tradition that people visit the person s grave or other sanctified spaces on occasion, but that s the extent of our interaction with the dead in American culture. This is alsoRead MoreTen sions Between Science And Religion1582 Words   |  7 Pagesbelieve that the burial site should be left untouched. Among this group of people fall the Native Americans. Archaeologists, on the other hand, think we should uncover the burial site to be able to discover more about the history of the land from which the grave lies. The Native American Grave Protection and Repatriation Act was signed into law on November 1990 by President George Bush. This legislation is the result of decades of effort by American Indians to protect the burial sites of their ancestorsRead MoreThe Man Fly Send Rain Clouds1138 Words   |  5 PagesEuropeans pushed the Native Americans off their land and into designated reservations, they had been free to live their lives how they chose, practicing their traditions. Now, they are on a reservation with a Catholic Church and European influence in their lives, families, and homes. The priests believe the Native Americans should bury their dead according to the Catholic Churches ways. The Native Americans have a tradition and ritual of burying their dead and how. Their rituals involve the cycleRead MoreCultural Influences On End Of Life Care916 Words   |  4 PagesHealth care providers interact with patients from many different cultures. It is important to be knowledgeable and respectable of other cultures. Health care providers will be able to improve the experience of the patient if they are more culturally. More than 500 nations of Native Americans exist in the United States with a population of over four million people. Each has their own language, culture, healers, and tribal customs and religions informed (B. Stuart, Cherry, J. Stuart, 2011). Read MoreAnalysis Of The Poem The Man Fly Send Rain Clouds By Leslie Marmon Silko948 Words   |  4 Pagesproceed to apply their cultural rituals for a burial. â€Å"Before they wrapped the Oldman, Leon took a piece of string out of his pocket and tied a small gray feather in the old man’s long white hair. Ken gave him the paint. Across the brown wrinkled forehead, he drew a streak of white and along the high cheekbones he drew a strip of blue paint.† (Silko, 439) Not knowing much about Native American beliefs I do know that feathers and face painting is a large part of their culture. This is the first clue givenRead MoreReligion And Sacred Sites Of The Sioux Tribe1114 Words   |  5 Pagesunderneath Lake Oahe that will damage Native American burial sites and will contaminate primary source of drinking water for the Sioux Tribe. First there will be a brief description of what happening with the protest at Standing Rock. Following these facts about this atrocity this paper will begin with a historical summary of the Sioux Tribe, the main set of protesters who are fighting to keep the pipeline from being constructed. Following this the paper will discus the culture and sacred sites that the pipelineRead MoreAnalysis Of The Man To Send Rain Clouds1205 Words   |  5 PagesPueblo tribe of Native Americans. Set in the desert southwest of the United States, the story is narrated from an omniscient point of view, and describes the discovery of the old man’s body, the preparation of the body for burial, and the interaction between the family of the dead man and the C atholic priest who lives on the reservation. The author uses very simple language and unsophisticated descriptions to describe an intricate and complex relationship between the Christian culture of the priest

Women in Combat Rough Draft Free Essays

string(122) " support allowing women in the military to serve in ground units that engage in close combat, while just 26% are opposed\." Auriel Payan April 7, 2013 English 2010 Rough Draft Women fighting in combat is a topic that has stirred a lot of controversy in the last few months. This comes about from the uplifting of the ban that did not let women fight in combat. Though the Women’s Armed Services Integration Act in 1948, created a corps for women in every branch of military, it was also the beginning of when women would not be included in combat. We will write a custom essay sample on Women in Combat Rough Draft or any similar topic only for you Order Now (Mackenzie 1,) Whenever the topic of war comes to mind, the one’s usually pictured in war are men. People tend to forget that men are not the only ones involved in war or the military. In January 1994, a memorandum from then Secretary of Defense Les Aspin rescinded the â€Å"risk rule† barring women from any positions that could expose them to direct combat, hostile fire, or capture; the rule was replaced by the â€Å"direct ground combat assignment rule,† which more narrowly tailored the restriction to frontline combat positions. † (Mackenzie, 1) This would completely change the way women in the military would be. Though not as big in number, women still do have a significant role in the military today. They can join the Military but they can have no part in combat. This limits the kinds of jobs that women can have. Woman in the United States want to feel equal to the man and the stigma that war is a â€Å"man’s thing â€Å" has created a lot of controversy, especially in the society that we live in now. Women in our society are breaking away from the boundaries set from the past generations. Women are now taking and seeking roles that were once considered only for men. Just like in our society, women are trying to advance in the military. Advancing in the military, not only has to be being able to fight in combat, but also reaching some of the highest military rankings. The leap for women being able to fight in combat came this past January, when the United State’s Department of Defense, uplifted the ban on women being able to fight in combat. A woman representing her country by joining the military is something that not only takes great sacrifice, but courage as well, and they deserve the utmost respect. If a woman is willing to risk her life for the sake of her country, just like the men, should be allowed to partake in combat. War is much physical as it is mental. Opponents argue that women are physically not capable to succeed out in the battlefield. If a soldier is not physically capable to perform, they could possibly endanger themselves or their fellow soldiers. Soldiers out on the battle field carry various items like electronic equipment, weapons, ammunition, heavy body armor, and enough water, weighing anywhere between fifty to hundred pounds. There is no denying that women on average do have forty to fifty percent less upper-body strength compared to men, but it is not one hundred percent certain that certain women are not fully capable. The statistic that women are a lot weaker in their upperbody comes up a lot, but it is stretched from the truth. The physical fitness argument, which tends to focus on differences between average male and female bodies, is also undermined by the fact that women who join the military tend to be more fit than the average American. Additional training and conditioning further decrease the gap between female and male service members, and evidence indicates that women usually benefit substantia lly from fitness-training programs. † (Mackenzie, 1) To join the military there is this mental and physical toughness that one has to have or has to overcome by the time that they are about to be deployed. Yes, there is some women that are not physically capable to perform in the military, but at the same time, there are many men as well. Needless to say, there is a certain kind of person that is needed when joining the military. This goes beyond male and female. Character has a lot more to do with the success of an individual than the sex does. Regardless of this, the opposition still argues that women are still not physically capable and this could seriously put people in jeopardy. Here in the United States, opponents of allowing women fight in combat, strongly believe that women are not physically capable, but in other Countries this has been disproven. â€Å"In the 1970s, the Canadian military conducted trials that tested women’s physical, psychological, and social capacity for combat roles. The results informed the final decision of the Canadian Human Rights Tribunal to remove Canada’s female combat exclusion. After similar tests, Denmark also lifted its combat ban in the late 1980s. (Mackenzie, 1) If other countries have dismantled this theory that women are not physically capable, why has the United State’s not followed? Qualifications for being able to fight on the battle field should be tested on whether or not the individual is physically and mentally fit, the sex of the individual should not be the determining factor for why they cannot be out in combat. The United States has had a rich history of patriotism. Citizens, for the mos t part, are proud of the nation that they live in. When one looks outside for the fourth of July, all one sees is red, white and blue. A lot of Americans have a great sense of pride in the nation that they live in. Most Americans have a sense of recognition for the sacrifices that some people have made in order to make this a very prosperous country. Among those that Americans feel that deserve the recognition are ones that serve in the military. There is the upmost respect and pride that comes along when an American sees a soldier that is fighting for their country. According to Pew Research Center for the People and Press, â€Å"Two-thirds (66%) support allowing women in the military to serve in ground units that engage in close combat, while just 26% are opposed. You read "Women in Combat Rough Draft" in category "Papers" More than half of Americans are in support of the uplift of this ban. As an American, one has the god given right to choose if they want to defend their country. Upon deciding this, a lot of courage and pride has to come for one to say that they want to join the military. Though women only make up fifteen percent of the United State’s military, or roughly two hundred and fifteen thousand women currently serving, they still deserve the same amount of respect given to the men. Women joining the military are aware of the disadvantages that they are going to face just because of the simple fact that they are women. They realize at a very early start that war for men and war for women are two distinct things. It is a given that women are much more susceptible to negative aspects of war like sexual assault and sexual harassment. The fifteen percent of women that make up the military have chosen to overlook these negativities and have chosen to join the military regardless. These women are aware of the risks and dangerous and still have chosen to join the military. The courage, dedication and willingness of women in the military alone, should be the reason for why they should be allowed to fight in combat. The debate on women fighting in combat has a similar history to the debate on the policy â€Å"Don’t Ask Don’t Tell. † In 1950, President Truman signed the Uniform Code of Military Justice. This policy sets up discharge rules for homosexual members or anyone seen acting out in homosexual ways (Cristina Rivero, 1). This was the beginning of disallowing openly gays from joining the military. During Ronald Reagan’s presidency, it was made clear from his staff that â€Å" Homosexuality is incompatible with military service. Those that were believed to act in homosexual ways or were gay were discharged because of the fear that homosexuals would disrupt the order of the military. According to the supporters of this ban, the disruption was going to be so great, that the military as a whole was in jeopardy. Many people felt, that this â€Å"would create an unacceptable risk to the high standards of morale, good order and discipline, and unit cohesion that are th e essence of military capability. † (Wiki, 1) In essence, military officials were scared that soldiers would end up betraying or not performing to their peak if there were an openly gay member in their unit. This would all change In 1993 when President Clinton, ordered that a bill be passed that military members would not be asked their sexual orientation. This would become to be known as â€Å"Don’t Ask, Don’t tell. † In simple terms, if one was gay and was in the military, one could not openly express themselves as being gay. This stirred a lot of controversy because people believed that one should be able to express their sexual orientation without repo caution or fear of being discriminated against. Even though in 2003, President Clinton would want the â€Å"Don’t ask, don’t tell† policy removed, it would not come about until years later. In 2011, don’t ask, don’t tell would come to an end. As the end of don’t ask, don’t tell came, a lot of military officials came out. Several high ranking military officials decided it was the appropriate time to finally come out. For years, the fear that openly gay members would be detrimental to the military kept many military men and women from being open about their sexuality. There was such a great fear when in reality there was minimal or even no consequences from openly gay members serving in the military. This is much like the debate on women fighting in combat today. Women have been serving in the military for decades. Hundreds of women have been hurt and even killed while proudly serving their country. With the proper training, any military member should be able to perform at their peak. If someone is not physically, mentally ready to be out on the battlefield, one should not be out there. There have been gay members in the military that have had the proper training leading to successful military careers. The fact of their sexual orientation did not limit or hurt them while serving in the military. Like men, women have been serving their country with honor and pride for decades. But unlike men, the women in the military do not tend to receive as much recognition for their service to their country. Women may only make up fifteen percent of the military, but they have been excluded from twenty percent of the jobs in the military. â€Å"According to the Department of Defense, ending the ban will open up 237,000 positions to women. † (Hallman, 1) With the uplift of this ban, more opportunities will be opened for women not only in the types of jobs that they can have, but the rankings that they could possibly reach. Sexual assaults in the military towards women tend to go unreported. By allowing women to reach higher-rankings, there could be the possibility that sexual assaults go down or more likely to go reported. â€Å"Recent surveys of female veterans found that close to a third were victims of rape or assault while they were serving, which is double the rate in the civilian population. † (Hallman, 1) More often than not, sexual assaults go unreported in the military. By having women as higher-ranking officials, the sexual assault epidemic in the military may start being addressed properly. The proper steps in reporting sexual assaults may take place. There is always this fear that there will be severe repo cautions if women come forward. Women may feel a lot more comfortable reporting sexual assault to a women high-ranking official. Allowing women to fight in combat will be a positive movement that may even get rid or limit the negative aspect of the military. During war, soldiers encounter a variety of difficult tasks, mishaps and dangerous situations. All of these things are inevitable and are a part of war. Soldiers are put through situations that are not only physically but also mentally exhausting. Because of this a lot of soldiers develop PTSD or post traumatic stress disorder. Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a mental health condition that’s triggered by a terrifying event. Symptoms may include flashbacks, nightmares and severe anxiety, as well as uncontrollable thoughts about the event. † (Mayo Clinic) From 2009, post-traumatic stress disorder diagnoses have increased in women from fifteen percent up to twenty-two percent. Men have increased from nine percent to fourteen percent in the diagnosis of PTSD. (Anderson, 1) This alone raises a lot of questions whether women are mentally stable enough to be on the front lines. Though it is true that women are being diagnosed at a much higher rate than men, there are probably a lot of men that are not willing to come forward and admit that they have post-traumatic stress disorder. Men in general tend to not want to come forward because of the fear that they will be looked as less of a man or less honorable. Women on the other hand are much more likely than men to come forward and because of this, the statistic may not be as accurate and be swayed. Women are traditionally viewed as these caring, emotional, and even soft individuals when compared to men. But realistically, in the military all of these characteristics of traditional women are dropped. It takes a certain kind of individual, man or woman, to join the military. The women that do decide to join the military are not like the traditional women. These women are tough, rigid individuals that are not much different to their male counterparts. The military lifestyle is a lot different than the civilian lifestyle. Yes it is true that women officially may not be allowed to fight on the frontlines, but that does not mean that women are not exposed to the same dangers as the men who are. USA Today States, â€Å"since the start of the wars in Afghanistan and Iraq, 292,000 women have served in those combat zones out of a total of almost 2. 5 million, Pentagon records show. In both wars, 152 women have died from combat or noncombat causes, records show, and 958 have been wounded in action. † Much like the men, some women that have served for their country have died. This just goes to show that even though women typically aren’t in the battlefield, the risk of them dying is significant. The military should be black and white not male or female. A lot of people are calling the uplifting of women fighting in combat an â€Å"experiment†. Is it really an experiment or just an official document that allows women to fight in combat? Women in the military are exposed to the same dangers as much as the men are. With the uplifting of this ban, men and women will now receive the same training essential for the front lines. Both men and women should receive this training in order to guarantee that both will be successful. If a soldier is not prepared mentally or physically, they should not be allowed to fight in combat. There should be rigorous testing on each individual soldier determining if they are combat ready. The sex of the soldier should not be the deciding factor whether or not someone is combat ready. There are plenty of men that are physically and mentally ready, but there is also plenty of women as well. Women are becoming more equal in our society vastly due to the fact that they are fully capable of doing any task that men can perform. Citations Mackenzie, M. H. (2012). Let Women Fight. Foreign Affairs, 91(6), 32-42. Tom V. B. and Jim M, (2013, January 23). USA Today http://www. usatoday. com/story/news/nation/2013/01/23/panetta-women-combat-pentagon/1859221/ http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Don’t_ask,_don’t_tell Mackenzie, M. H. (2013,January 23) http://www. foreignaffairs. com/articles/138200/megan-h-mackenzie/let-women-fight Hallman, L. (2013, March 6) End of Combat Ban Will Give Women Recognition They Deservehttp://www. foreignaffairs. com/articles/138200/megan-h-mackenzie/let-women-fight Pew Research (2013, January 29) http://www. people-press. org/2013/01/29/broad-support-for-combat-roles-for-women/1/ How to cite Women in Combat Rough Draft, Papers

Clinical Manifestation of HIV Infection free essay sample

There are lots of diseases that are transmittable and dangerous to human lives but until today the HIV still leading the most dangerous human life taker. Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) destroys the immune system’s helper T cells, the loss of which causes AIDS. The person infected called as HIV positive that shows by test for antibodies to HIV in the bloodstream to be infected with HIV. But how you will know a person if she/he is infected. What are the manifestations you can observe? How can this be applied scientifically based knowledge to nursing practice? What knowledge do you get in reading all these articles?  Ã‚   In the next paragraph the answers to the question are discuss step-by-step. Clinical Manifestation The incubation period of a few weeks after exposure to HIV, most infected individuals present with an acute flue-like illness. The clinical symptoms of HIV infection were first descried in 1985 as an illness resembling infectious mononucleosis. We will write a custom essay sample on Clinical Manifestation of HIV Infection or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The most common symptoms are fever, maculopopular rash, oral ulcers, lymphaenopathy, arthralgia, pharyngitis, malaise, weight loss, aseptic meningitis and myalgia. In one study, fever (80%) and malaise (68%) had the highest sensitivity for clinical diagnosis of HIV infection, whereas loss of weight (86%) and oral ulcers (85%) had the highest specificity. In the study, the symptoms of fever and rash followed by oral ulcers and pharyngitis had the highest positive pr5edictivevalue for diagnosis of HIV infection. In another study, fever, rash myalgia, arthritis and night sweats were the best predictors for HIV infection.   The symptom phase of HIV infection lasts between 7-10 days, and rarely longer than 14 days. The nonspecific nature of the symptoms posses a great challenge to the clinician and underlines the importance of a detailed history of exposure. (Altfeld Walker). Another manifestation is Erythema elevatum diutinum (EED) is a chronic and rare dermatosis that is considered to be a variant of leucotoclastic vaculitis. The clinical manifestations are papules, plaques or nodules, which vary in coloration from reddish to purple, light brown and sometimes yellowish. The lesion’s are persistent and symmetrically distributed on extensors surfaces, particularly in the joints of the extremities. Such patients may presents arthralgia. The itchiness and pains, with rare systemic involvement were also observed (Medical Journal 2005). Immune thrombocytopenic purpura may be the sole clinical manifestation of HIV infection. Results of the treatment of 6 patients spontaneous bleeding due to severe thrombocytopenia are presented.   In all patients immune thrombocytopenic purpura was the only clinical manifestation of HIV infection. Four of them were intravenous narcotic addicts, and the other two patients did not belong to high-risk groups (Elizovic, Jevtovic Rolovic 1989). Peripheral Facial paralysis as a manifestation of HIV Infection, Two patients had typical Bell’s palsy while one had a facialdiplegia. CD4 cell counts were above 100 cells/mm3 in all cases. A review of literature confirmed that peripheral facial nerve palsy could occur at any stage of HIV infection and in various clinical contexts. It is suggested that adult patients presenting with peripheral facial paralysis should be counseled, and screened for HIV (Annals AF Med: 2002 1(1) 1:28-30).